local proving enables privacy on
Ethereum

circuits

input size

proof duration

sha-256

peak memory

sha-256

proof size

sha-256

preprocessing size

sha-256

trends

proof duration

sha-256

barretenberg

binius64

cairo-m

circom

expander

ligetron

miden

nexus

plonky2

provekit

risc0

peak memory

sha-256

barretenberg

binius64

cairo-m

circom

expander

ligetron

miden

nexus

plonky2

provekit

risc0

proof size

sha-256

barretenberg

binius64

cairo-m

circom

expander

ligetron

miden

nexus

plonky2

provekit

risc0

preprocessing size

sha-256

barretenberg

binius64

cairo-m

circom

expander

ligetron

miden

nexus

plonky2

provekit

risc0

aggregated results

bigger is better

barretenberg

binius64

cairo-m

circom

expander

ligetron

miden

nexus

plonky2

provekit

risc0

all results


	risc0	Yes	ecdsa	32 bytes	1m 27s	13ms	218.14 KB	420.36 KB	4.63 GB	0	Yes	Yes	Yes	STARK	BabyBear	STARK	FRI	AIR	96	Yes	296K	RISC-V RV32IM
	risc0	Yes	sha256	1.00 KB	18.5s	13ms	218.01 KB	293.54 KB	1.48 GB	0	Yes	Yes	Yes	STARK	BabyBear	STARK	FRI	AIR	96	Yes	5.7K	RISC-V RV32IM
	risc0	Yes	sha256	128 bytes	18.5s	13ms	218.01 KB	293.54 KB	1.47 GB	0	Yes	Yes	Yes	STARK	BabyBear	STARK	FRI	AIR	96	Yes	4.6K	RISC-V RV32IM
	risc0	Yes	sha256	2.00 KB	18.5s	13ms	218.01 KB	293.54 KB	1.48 GB	0	Yes	Yes	Yes	STARK	BabyBear	STARK	FRI	AIR	96	Yes	6.9K	RISC-V RV32IM
	risc0	Yes	sha256	256 bytes	18.5s	13ms	218.01 KB	293.54 KB	1.47 GB	0	Yes	Yes	Yes	STARK	BabyBear	STARK	FRI	AIR	96	Yes	4.8K	RISC-V RV32IM
	risc0	Yes	sha256	512 bytes	18.5s	13ms	218.01 KB	293.54 KB	1.47 GB	0	Yes	Yes	Yes	STARK	BabyBear	STARK	FRI	AIR	96	Yes	5.1K	RISC-V RV32IM
	binius64	No	sha256	1.00 KB	58ms	17ms	180.02 KB	2.06 MB	82.93 MB	35K	Yes	Yes	No	Binius64	GHASH binary field	Binius64	Binius64	Binius64	96	Yes	-	-
	binius64	No	sha256	128 bytes	25ms	6ms	107.23 KB	373.09 KB	34.09 MB	6.3K	Yes	Yes	No	Binius64	GHASH binary field	Binius64	Binius64	Binius64	96	Yes	-	-
	binius64	No	sha256	2.00 KB	81ms	28ms	209.89 KB	4.00 MB	142.68 MB	69K	Yes	Yes	No	Binius64	GHASH binary field	Binius64	Binius64	Binius64	96	Yes	-	-
	binius64	No	sha256	256 bytes	37ms	8ms	121.83 KB	621.21 KB	42.61 MB	10K	Yes	Yes	No	Binius64	GHASH binary field	Binius64	Binius64	Binius64	96	Yes	-	-
	binius64	No	sha256	512 bytes	43ms	11ms	143.67 KB	1.09 MB	55.46 MB	19K	Yes	Yes	No	Binius64	GHASH binary field	Binius64	Binius64	Binius64	96	Yes	-	-
	expander	No	sha256	1.00 KB	296ms	523ms	2.89 MB	55.05 MB	3.79 GB	2.7M	Yes	No	No	Libra	M31	GKR	Orion	GKR	128	Yes	-	-
	expander	No	sha256	128 bytes	46ms	100ms	1.87 MB	8.98 MB	915.53 MB	431K	Yes	No	No	Libra	M31	GKR	Orion	GKR	128	Yes	-	-
	expander	No	sha256	2.00 KB	566ms	968ms	3.06 MB	107.75 MB	6.98 GB	5.3M	Yes	No	No	Libra	M31	GKR	Orion	GKR	128	Yes	-	-
	expander	No	sha256	256 bytes	81ms	157ms	1.98 MB	15.56 MB	1.30 GB	756K	Yes	No	No	Libra	M31	GKR	Orion	GKR	128	Yes	-	-
	expander	No	sha256	512 bytes	153ms	285ms	2.76 MB	28.71 MB	2.02 GB	1.4M	Yes	No	No	Libra	M31	GKR	Orion	GKR	128	Yes	-	-
	barretenberg	No	ecdsa	32 bytes	747ms	32ms	14.25 KB	2.92 KB	327.58 MB	71K	Yes	Yes	No	UltraHonk	BN254	UltraHonk	KZG	ACIR	128	No	-	-
	barretenberg	No	sha256	1.00 KB	1.0s	32ms	14.25 KB	390.12 KB	395.02 MB	95K	Yes	Yes	No	UltraHonk	BN254	UltraHonk	KZG	ACIR	128	No	-	-
	barretenberg	No	sha256	128 bytes	551ms	32ms	14.25 KB	97.98 KB	160.60 MB	23K	Yes	Yes	No	UltraHonk	BN254	UltraHonk	KZG	ACIR	128	No	-	-
	barretenberg	No	sha256	2.00 KB	1.9s	32ms	14.25 KB	841.64 KB	738.13 MB	177K	Yes	Yes	No	UltraHonk	BN254	UltraHonk	KZG	ACIR	128	No	-	-
	barretenberg	No	sha256	256 bytes	545ms	32ms	14.25 KB	133.97 KB	174.10 MB	33K	Yes	Yes	No	UltraHonk	BN254	UltraHonk	KZG	ACIR	128	No	-	-
	barretenberg	No	sha256	512 bytes	676ms	32ms	14.25 KB	212.40 KB	196.32 MB	54K	Yes	Yes	No	UltraHonk	BN254	UltraHonk	KZG	ACIR	128	No	-	-
	nexus	Yes	sha256	1.00 KB	15.2s	111ms	66.97 KB	60.52 KB	4.19 GB	0	Yes	Yes	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	0	Yes	128K	RISC-V RV32I
	nexus	Yes	sha256	128 bytes	3.6s	30ms	63.10 KB	60.52 KB	1.06 GB	0	Yes	Yes	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	0	Yes	25K	RISC-V RV32I
	nexus	Yes	sha256	2.00 KB	30.6s	219ms	71.73 KB	60.52 KB	8.35 GB	0	Yes	Yes	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	0	Yes	245K	RISC-V RV32I
	nexus	Yes	sha256	256 bytes	7.2s	56ms	67.43 KB	60.52 KB	2.10 GB	0	Yes	Yes	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	0	Yes	40K	RISC-V RV32I
	nexus	Yes	sha256	512 bytes	14.7s	109ms	68.21 KB	60.52 KB	4.15 GB	0	Yes	Yes	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	0	Yes	70K	RISC-V RV32I
	plonky2	No	sha256	1.00 KB	9.4s	342ms	161.50 KB	1.14 GB	5.56 GB	99K	No	Yes	Yes	Plonky2	Goldilocks	FRI	FRI	Plonkish	100	Yes	-	-
	plonky2	No	sha256	128 bytes	2.1s	82ms	148.87 KB	284.31 MB	1.60 GB	17K	No	Yes	Yes	Plonky2	Goldilocks	FRI	FRI	Plonkish	100	Yes	-	-
	plonky2	No	sha256	2.00 KB	19.7s	753ms	175.59 KB	2.28 GB	9.21 GB	192K	No	Yes	Yes	Plonky2	Goldilocks	FRI	FRI	Plonkish	100	Yes	-	-
	plonky2	No	sha256	256 bytes	2.2s	86ms	148.87 KB	298.35 MB	1.59 GB	29K	No	Yes	Yes	Plonky2	Goldilocks	FRI	FRI	Plonkish	100	Yes	-	-
	plonky2	No	sha256	512 bytes	4.5s	174ms	155.12 KB	589.68 MB	2.95 GB	52K	No	Yes	Yes	Plonky2	Goldilocks	FRI	FRI	Plonkish	100	Yes	-	-
	ligetron	No	sha256	1.00 KB	5.3s	2.0s	5.46 MB	3.39 KB	100.89 MB	1.2M	Yes	Yes	No	Ligero	Bn254	Ligero	Ligero	Ligero	128	Yes	-	-
	ligetron	No	sha256	128 bytes	1.1s	492ms	3.47 MB	3.39 KB	96.76 MB	198K	Yes	Yes	No	Ligero	Bn254	Ligero	Ligero	Ligero	128	Yes	-	-
	ligetron	No	sha256	2.00 KB	10.0s	3.8s	7.75 MB	3.39 KB	105.38 MB	2.4M	Yes	Yes	No	Ligero	Bn254	Ligero	Ligero	Ligero	128	Yes	-	-
	ligetron	No	sha256	256 bytes	1.6s	694ms	3.76 MB	3.39 KB	97.32 MB	345K	Yes	Yes	No	Ligero	Bn254	Ligero	Ligero	Ligero	128	Yes	-	-
	ligetron	No	sha256	512 bytes	2.8s	1.1s	4.32 MB	3.39 KB	97.99 MB	641K	Yes	Yes	No	Ligero	Bn254	Ligero	Ligero	Ligero	128	Yes	-	-
	provekit	No	ecdsa	32 bytes	7.9s	97ms	411.70 KB	2.62 MB	2.89 GB	882K	Yes	Yes	No	Spartan+WHIR	Bn254	Spartan	WHIR	R1CS	128	Yes	-	-
	provekit	No	sha256	1.00 KB	14.2s	188ms	415.74 KB	3.91 MB	4.95 GB	1.7M	Yes	Yes	No	Spartan+WHIR	Bn254	Spartan	WHIR	R1CS	128	Yes	-	-
	provekit	No	sha256	128 bytes	3.7s	62ms	408.84 KB	961.32 KB	1.64 GB	668K	Yes	Yes	No	Spartan+WHIR	Bn254	Spartan	WHIR	R1CS	128	Yes	-	-
	provekit	No	sha256	2.00 KB	15.6s	216ms	415.86 KB	7.41 MB	5.51 GB	2.8M	Yes	Yes	No	Spartan+WHIR	Bn254	Spartan	WHIR	R1CS	128	Yes	-	-
	provekit	No	sha256	256 bytes	6.9s	100ms	411.70 KB	1.35 MB	2.81 GB	810K	Yes	Yes	No	Spartan+WHIR	Bn254	Spartan	WHIR	R1CS	128	Yes	-	-
	provekit	No	sha256	512 bytes	7.3s	109ms	411.82 KB	2.20 MB	2.61 GB	1.1M	Yes	Yes	No	Spartan+WHIR	Bn254	Spartan	WHIR	R1CS	128	Yes	-	-
	circom	No	sha256	1.00 KB	2.3s	161ms	1023 bytes	303.65 MB	616.75 MB	541K	Yes	Yes	Partial	Groth16	Bn254	Groth16	-	R1CS	128	No	-	-
	circom	No	sha256	128 bytes	355ms	30ms	1011 bytes	51.02 MB	153.34 MB	95K	Yes	Yes	Partial	Groth16	Bn254	Groth16	-	R1CS	128	No	-	-
	circom	No	sha256	2.00 KB	4.8s	298ms	1013 bytes	592.37 MB	1.26 GB	1.1M	Yes	Yes	Partial	Groth16	Bn254	Groth16	-	R1CS	128	No	-	-
	circom	No	sha256	256 bytes	642ms	49ms	1010 bytes	87.11 MB	233.48 MB	159K	Yes	Yes	Partial	Groth16	Bn254	Groth16	-	R1CS	128	No	-	-
	circom	No	sha256	512 bytes	1.2s	86ms	1007 bytes	159.29 MB	428.25 MB	286K	Yes	Yes	Partial	Groth16	Bn254	Groth16	-	R1CS	128	No	-	-
	cairo-m	Yes	sha256	1.00 KB	1.9s	10ms	1.05 MB	492 bytes	2.11 GB	0	Yes	No	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	96	Yes	325K	Cairo ISA
	cairo-m	Yes	sha256	128 bytes	1.3s	10ms	1.04 MB	492 bytes	1.75 GB	0	Yes	No	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	96	Yes	57K	Cairo ISA
	cairo-m	Yes	sha256	2.00 KB	2.5s	11ms	1.04 MB	492 bytes	2.55 GB	0	Yes	No	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	96	Yes	631K	Cairo ISA
	cairo-m	Yes	sha256	256 bytes	1.4s	10ms	1.03 MB	492 bytes	1.77 GB	0	Yes	No	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	96	Yes	96K	Cairo ISA
	cairo-m	Yes	sha256	512 bytes	1.6s	10ms	1.05 MB	492 bytes	1.90 GB	0	Yes	No	No	Circle STARK	M31	Circle FRI	Circle FRI	AIR	96	Yes	172K	Cairo ISA
	miden	Yes	sha256	1.00 KB	8.8s	1ms	90.65 KB	2.01 KB	3.86 GB	0	Yes	Yes	No	STARK	Goldilocks	STARK	FRI	AIR	128	Yes	150K	Miden
	miden	Yes	sha256	128 bytes	999ms	755µs 767ns	73.34 KB	2.01 KB	492.82 MB	0	Yes	Yes	No	STARK	Goldilocks	STARK	FRI	AIR	128	Yes	27K	Miden
	miden	Yes	sha256	2.00 KB	18.1s	1ms	95.77 KB	2.01 KB	5.71 GB	0	Yes	Yes	No	STARK	Goldilocks	STARK	FRI	AIR	128	Yes	292K	Miden
	miden	Yes	sha256	256 bytes	2.0s	793µs 379ns	78.86 KB	2.01 KB	987.25 MB	0	Yes	Yes	No	STARK	Goldilocks	STARK	FRI	AIR	128	Yes	44K	Miden
	miden	Yes	sha256	512 bytes	4.2s	858µs 175ns	84.75 KB	2.01 KB	1.95 GB	0	Yes	Yes	No	STARK	Goldilocks	STARK	FRI	AIR	128	Yes	80K	Miden